test_pareto.cpp 16 KB

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  1. // Copyright Paul A. Bristow 2007, 2009.
  2. // Copyright John Maddock 2006.
  3. // Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
  4. // Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
  5. // (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
  6. // or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
  7. // test_pareto.cpp
  8. // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pareto_distribution
  9. // http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3661.htm
  10. // Also:
  11. // Weisstein, Eric W. "pareto Distribution."
  12. // From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.
  13. // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/paretoDistribution.html
  14. #ifdef _MSC_VER
  15. # pragma warning(disable: 4127) // conditional expression is constant.
  16. # pragma warning (disable : 4996) // POSIX name for this item is deprecated
  17. # pragma warning (disable : 4224) // nonstandard extension used : formal parameter 'arg' was previously defined as a type
  18. # pragma warning (disable : 4180) // qualifier applied to function type has no meaning; ignored
  19. # pragma warning(disable: 4100) // unreferenced formal parameter.
  20. #endif
  21. #include <boost/math/tools/test.hpp> // for real_concept
  22. #include <boost/math/concepts/real_concept.hpp> // for real_concept
  23. #define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
  24. #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> // Boost.Test
  25. #include <boost/test/tools/floating_point_comparison.hpp>
  26. #include <boost/math/distributions/pareto.hpp>
  27. using boost::math::pareto_distribution;
  28. #include <boost/math/tools/test.hpp>
  29. #include "test_out_of_range.hpp"
  30. #include <iostream>
  31. using std::cout;
  32. using std::endl;
  33. using std::setprecision;
  34. #include <limits>
  35. using std::numeric_limits;
  36. template <class RealType>
  37. void check_pareto(RealType scale, RealType shape, RealType x, RealType p, RealType q, RealType tol)
  38. {
  39. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  40. ::boost::math::cdf(
  41. pareto_distribution<RealType>(scale, shape), // distribution.
  42. x), // random variable.
  43. p, // probability.
  44. tol); // tolerance eps.
  45. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  46. ::boost::math::cdf(
  47. complement(
  48. pareto_distribution<RealType>(scale, shape), // distribution.
  49. x)), // random variable.
  50. q, // probability complement.
  51. tol); // tolerance eps.
  52. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  53. ::boost::math::quantile(
  54. pareto_distribution<RealType>(scale, shape), // distribution.
  55. p), // probability.
  56. x, // random variable.
  57. tol); // tolerance eps.
  58. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  59. ::boost::math::quantile(
  60. complement(
  61. pareto_distribution<RealType>(scale, shape), // distribution.
  62. q)), // probability complement.
  63. x, // random variable.
  64. tol); // tolerance eps.
  65. } // check_pareto
  66. template <class RealType>
  67. void test_spots(RealType)
  68. {
  69. // Basic sanity checks.
  70. //
  71. // Tolerance are based on units of epsilon, but capped at
  72. // double precision, since that's the limit of our test data:
  73. //
  74. RealType tol = (std::max)((RealType)boost::math::tools::epsilon<double>(), boost::math::tools::epsilon<RealType>());
  75. RealType tol5eps = tol * 5;
  76. RealType tol10eps = tol * 10;
  77. RealType tol100eps = tol * 100;
  78. RealType tol1000eps = tol * 1000;
  79. check_pareto(
  80. static_cast<RealType>(1.1L), //
  81. static_cast<RealType>(5.5L),
  82. static_cast<RealType>(2.2L),
  83. static_cast<RealType>(0.97790291308792L),
  84. static_cast<RealType>(0.0220970869120796L),
  85. tol10eps * 4);
  86. check_pareto(
  87. static_cast<RealType>(0.5L),
  88. static_cast<RealType>(10.1L),
  89. static_cast<RealType>(1.5L),
  90. static_cast<RealType>(0.99998482686481L),
  91. static_cast<RealType>(1.51731351900608e-005L),
  92. tol100eps * 1000); // Much less accurate as p close to unity.
  93. check_pareto(
  94. static_cast<RealType>(0.1L),
  95. static_cast<RealType>(2.3L),
  96. static_cast<RealType>(1.5L),
  97. static_cast<RealType>(0.99802762220697L),
  98. static_cast<RealType>(0.00197237779302972L),
  99. tol1000eps);
  100. // Example from 23.3 page 259
  101. check_pareto(
  102. static_cast<RealType>(2.30444301457005L),
  103. static_cast<RealType>(4),
  104. static_cast<RealType>(2.4L),
  105. static_cast<RealType>(0.15L),
  106. static_cast<RealType>(0.85L),
  107. tol100eps);
  108. check_pareto(
  109. static_cast<RealType>(2),
  110. static_cast<RealType>(3),
  111. static_cast<RealType>(3.4L),
  112. static_cast<RealType>(0.796458375737838L),
  113. static_cast<RealType>(0.203541624262162L),
  114. tol10eps);
  115. check_pareto( // Probability near 0.5
  116. static_cast<RealType>(2),
  117. static_cast<RealType>(2),
  118. static_cast<RealType>(3),
  119. static_cast<RealType>(0.5555555555555555555555555555555555555556L),
  120. static_cast<RealType>(0.4444444444444444444444444444444444444444L),
  121. tol5eps); // accurate.
  122. // Tests for:
  123. // pdf for shapes 1, 2 & 3 (exact)
  124. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  125. pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 1),
  126. static_cast<RealType>(1), //
  127. tol5eps);
  128. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 2), 1),
  129. static_cast<RealType>(2), //
  130. tol5eps);
  131. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 3), 1),
  132. static_cast<RealType>(3), //
  133. tol5eps);
  134. // cdf
  135. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( // x = scale
  136. cdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 1),
  137. static_cast<RealType>(0) );
  138. // Compare with values from StatCalc K. Krishnamoorthy, ISBN 1-58488-635-8 eq 23.1.3
  139. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( // small x
  140. cdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(2, 5), static_cast<RealType>(3.4)),
  141. static_cast<RealType>(0.929570372227626L), tol5eps);
  142. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( // small x
  143. cdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(2, 5), static_cast<RealType>(3.4)),
  144. static_cast<RealType>(1 - 0.0704296277723743L), tol5eps);
  145. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( // small x
  146. cdf(complement(pareto_distribution<RealType>(2, 5), static_cast<RealType>(3.4))),
  147. static_cast<RealType>(0.0704296277723743L), tol5eps);
  148. // quantile
  149. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( // x = scale
  150. quantile(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 0),
  151. static_cast<RealType>(1) );
  152. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( // x = scale
  153. quantile(complement(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 1)),
  154. static_cast<RealType>(1) );
  155. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION( // small x
  156. cdf(complement(pareto_distribution<RealType>(2, 5), static_cast<RealType>(3.4))),
  157. static_cast<RealType>(0.0704296277723743L), tol5eps);
  158. using namespace std; // ADL of std names.
  159. pareto_distribution<RealType> pareto15(1, 5);
  160. // Note: shape must be big enough (5) that all moments up to kurtosis are defined
  161. // to allow all functions to be tested.
  162. // mean:
  163. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  164. mean(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(1.25), tol5eps); // 1.25 == 5/4
  165. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(
  166. mean(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(1.25)); // 1.25 == 5/4 (expect exact so check equal)
  167. pareto_distribution<RealType> p12(1, 2); //
  168. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(
  169. mean(p12), static_cast<RealType>(2)); // Exactly two.
  170. // variance:
  171. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  172. variance(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(0.10416666666666667L), tol5eps);
  173. // std deviation:
  174. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  175. standard_deviation(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(0.32274861218395140L), tol5eps);
  176. // hazard: No independent test values found yet.
  177. //BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  178. // hazard(pareto15, x), pdf(pareto15, x) / cdf(complement(pareto15, x)), tol5eps);
  179. //// cumulative hazard:
  180. //BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  181. // chf(pareto15, x), -log(cdf(complement(pareto15, x))), tol5eps);
  182. //// coefficient_of_variation:
  183. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  184. coefficient_of_variation(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(0.25819888974716110L), tol5eps);
  185. // mode:
  186. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  187. mode(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(1), tol5eps);
  188. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  189. median(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(1.1486983549970351L), tol5eps);
  190. // skewness:
  191. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  192. skewness(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(4.6475800154489004L), tol5eps);
  193. // kertosis:
  194. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  195. kurtosis(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(73.8L), tol5eps);
  196. // kertosis excess:
  197. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  198. kurtosis_excess(pareto15), static_cast<RealType>(70.8L), tol5eps);
  199. // Check difference between kurtosis and excess:
  200. BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(
  201. kurtosis_excess(pareto15), kurtosis(pareto15) - static_cast<RealType>(3L), tol5eps);
  202. // Check kurtosis excess = kurtosis - 3;
  203. // Error condition checks:
  204. check_out_of_range<pareto_distribution<RealType> >(1, 1);
  205. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(0, 1), 0), std::domain_error);
  206. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 0), 0), std::domain_error);
  207. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(-1, 1), 0), std::domain_error);
  208. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, -1), 0), std::domain_error);
  209. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 0), std::domain_error);
  210. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 0), std::domain_error);
  211. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(quantile(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), -1), std::domain_error);
  212. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(quantile(pareto_distribution<RealType>(1, 1), 2), std::domain_error);
  213. } // template <class RealType>void test_spots(RealType)
  214. BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
  215. {
  216. // Check that can generate pareto distribution using the two convenience methods:
  217. boost::math::pareto myp1(1., 1); // Using typedef
  218. pareto_distribution<> myp2(1., 1); // Using default RealType double.
  219. boost::math::pareto pareto11; // Use default values (scale = 1, shape = 1).
  220. // Note NOT pareto11() as the compiler will interpret as a function!
  221. // Basic sanity-check spot values.
  222. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pareto11.scale(), 1); // Check defaults again.
  223. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pareto11.shape(), 1);
  224. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(myp1.scale(), 1);
  225. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(myp1.shape(), 1);
  226. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(myp2.scale(), 1);
  227. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(myp2.shape(), 1);
  228. // Test range and support using double only,
  229. // because it supports numeric_limits max for pseudo-infinity.
  230. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range(myp2).first, 0); // range 0 to +infinity
  231. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range(myp2).second, (numeric_limits<double>::max)());
  232. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(support(myp2).first, myp2.scale()); // support scale to + infinity.
  233. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(support(myp2).second, (numeric_limits<double>::max)());
  234. // Check some bad parameters to the distribution.
  235. #ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
  236. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto mypm1(-1, 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  237. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto myp0(0, 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  238. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto myp1m1(1, -1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  239. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto myp10(1, 0), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  240. #else
  241. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(-1, 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  242. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(0, 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  243. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(1, -1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  244. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(1, 0), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  245. #endif
  246. // Check some moments that should fail because shape not big enough.
  247. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(variance(myp2), std::domain_error);
  248. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(standard_deviation(myp2), std::domain_error);
  249. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(skewness(myp2), std::domain_error);
  250. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(kurtosis(myp2), std::domain_error);
  251. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(kurtosis_excess(myp2), std::domain_error);
  252. // Test on extreme values of distribution parameters,
  253. // using just double because it has numeric_limit infinity etc.
  254. #ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
  255. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto mypinf1(+std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(), 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  256. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto myp1inf(1, +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  257. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto mypinf1(+std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(), +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  258. #else
  259. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(+std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(), 1), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  260. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(1, +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  261. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(boost::math::pareto(+std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(), +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // Using typedef
  262. #endif
  263. // Test on extreme values of random variate x, using just double because it has numeric_limit infinity etc..
  264. // No longer allow x to be + or - infinity, then these tests should throw.
  265. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // x = + infinity
  266. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // x = - infinity
  267. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto11, +std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // x = + infinity
  268. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto11, -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()), std::domain_error); // x = - infinity
  269. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pdf(pareto11, 0.5), 0); // x < scale but > 0
  270. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pdf(pareto11, (std::numeric_limits<double>::min)()), 0); // x almost zero but > 0
  271. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pdf(pareto11, 1), 1); // x == scale, result == shape == 1
  272. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pdf(pareto11, +(std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()), 0); // x = +max, pdf has fallen to zero.
  273. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, 0), std::domain_error); // x == 0
  274. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, -1), std::domain_error); // x = -1
  275. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, -(std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()), std::domain_error); // x = - max
  276. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(pdf(pareto11, -(std::numeric_limits<double>::min)()), std::domain_error); // x = - min
  277. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cdf(pareto11, 1), 0); // x == scale, cdf = zero.
  278. BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(cdf(pareto11, +(std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()), 1); // x = + max, cdf = unity.
  279. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto11, 0), std::domain_error); // x == 0
  280. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto11, -(std::numeric_limits<double>::min)()), std::domain_error); // x = - min,
  281. BOOST_MATH_CHECK_THROW(cdf(pareto11, -(std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()), std::domain_error); // x = - max,
  282. // (Parameter value, arbitrarily zero, only communicates the floating point type).
  283. test_spots(0.0F); // Test float. OK at decdigits = 0 tol5eps = 0.0001 %
  284. test_spots(0.0); // Test double. OK at decdigits 7, tol5eps = 1e07 %
  285. #ifndef BOOST_MATH_NO_LONG_DOUBLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS
  286. test_spots(0.0L); // Test long double.
  287. #if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x0582))
  288. test_spots(boost::math::concepts::real_concept(0.)); // Test real concept.
  289. #endif
  290. #else
  291. std::cout << "<note>The long double tests have been disabled on this platform "
  292. "either because the long double overloads of the usual math functions are "
  293. "not available at all, or because they are too inaccurate for these tests "
  294. "to pass.</note>" << std::endl;
  295. #endif
  296. } // BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
  297. /*
  298. Output:
  299. Compiling...
  300. test_pareto.cpp
  301. Linking...
  302. Embedding manifest...
  303. Autorun "i:\boost-06-05-03-1300\libs\math\test\Math_test\debug\test_pareto.exe"
  304. Running 1 test case...
  305. *** No errors detected
  306. */