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  17. <div class="section" id="the-importance-of-being">
  18. <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="./lambda-details.html#id58" name="the-importance-of-being">The Importance of Being Lazy</a></h1>
  19. <p>Recall the definition of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">always_int</span></tt> from the previous chapter:</p>
  20. <pre class="literal-block">
  21. struct always_int
  22. {
  23. typedef int type;
  24. };
  25. </pre>
  26. <p>Nullary metafunctions might not seem very important at first, since
  27. something like <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">add_pointer&lt;int&gt;</span></tt> could be replaced by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">int*</span></tt> in
  28. any lambda expression where it appears. Not all nullary
  29. metafunctions are that simple, though:</p>
  30. <pre class="literal-block">
  31. typedef mpl::vector&lt;int, char*, double&amp;&gt; seq;
  32. typedef <strong>mpl::transform&lt;seq, boost::add_pointer&lt;_&gt; &gt;</strong> calc_ptr_seq;
  33. </pre>
  34. <!-- @ example.prepend('''
  35. #include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
  36. #include <boost/mpl/transform.hpp>
  37. ''')
  38. compile('all') -->
  39. <p>Note that <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">calc_ptr_seq</span></tt> is a nullary metafunction, since it has
  40. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform</span></tt>'s nested <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">::type</span></tt>. A C++ template is not
  41. instantiated until we actually &quot;look inside it,&quot; though. Just
  42. naming <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">calc_ptr_seq</span></tt> does not cause it to be evaluated, since we
  43. haven't accessed its <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">::type</span></tt> yet.</p>
  44. <p>Metafunctions can be invoked <em>lazily</em>, rather than immediately upon
  45. supplying all of their arguments. We can use <strong>lazy evaluation</strong> to
  46. improve compilation time when a metafunction result is only going
  47. to be used conditionally. We can sometimes also avoid contorting
  48. program structure by <em>naming</em> an invalid computation without
  49. actually performing it. That's what we've done with
  50. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">calc_ptr_seq</span></tt> above, since you can't legally form <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">double&amp;*</span></tt>.
  51. Laziness and all of its virtues will be a recurring theme
  52. throughout this book.</p>
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