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<title>Perl Format String Syntax</title>
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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_regex.format.perl_format"></a><a class="link" href="perl_format.html" title="Perl Format String Syntax">Perl Format String Syntax</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
        Perl-style format strings treat all characters as literals except '$' and
        '\' which start placeholder and escape sequences respectively.
      </p>
<p>
        Placeholder sequences specify that some part of what matched the regular
        expression should be sent to output as follows:
      </p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
                <p>
                  Placeholder
                </p>
              </th>
<th>
                <p>
                  Meaning
                </p>
              </th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $&amp;
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs what matched the whole expression.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $MATCH
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $&amp;
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  ${^MATCH}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $&amp;
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $`
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the text between the end of the last match found (or the
                  start of the text if no previous match was found), and the start
                  of the current match.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $PREMATCH
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $`
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  ${^PREMATCH}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $`
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $'
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs all the text following the end of the current match.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $POSTMATCH
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $'
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  ${^POSTMATCH}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $'
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $+
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs what matched the last marked sub-expression in the regular
                  expression.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $LAST_PAREN_MATCH
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $+
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs what matched the last sub-expression to be actually matched.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $^N
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  As $LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $$
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a literal '$'
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $n
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs what matched the n'th sub-expression.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  ${n}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs what matched the n'th sub-expression.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  $+{NAME}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs whatever matched the sub-expression named "NAME".
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>
        Any $-placeholder sequence not listed above, results in '$' being treated
        as a literal.
      </p>
<p>
        An escape character followed by any character x, outputs that character unless
        x is one of the escape sequences shown below.
      </p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
                <p>
                  Escape
                </p>
              </th>
<th>
                <p>
                  Meaning
                </p>
              </th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \a
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the bell character: '\a'.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \e
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the ANSI escape character (code point 27).
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \f
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a form feed character: '\f'
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \n
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a newline character: '\n'.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \r
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a carriage return character: '\r'.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \t
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a tab character: '\t'.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \v
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs a vertical tab character: '\v'.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \xDD
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the character whose hexadecimal code point is 0xDD
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \x{DDDD}
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the character whose hexadecimal code point is 0xDDDDD
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \cX
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Outputs the ANSI escape sequence "escape-X".
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \D
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  If D is a decimal digit in the range 1-9, then outputs the text
                  that matched sub-expression D.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \l
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Causes the next character to be outputted, to be output in lower
                  case.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \u
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Causes the next character to be outputted, to be output in upper
                  case.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \L
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Causes all subsequent characters to be output in lower case, until
                  a \E is found.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \U
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Causes all subsequent characters to be output in upper case, until
                  a \E is found.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
                <p>
                  \E
                </p>
              </td>
<td>
                <p>
                  Terminates a \L or \U sequence.
                </p>
              </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 1998-2013 John Maddock<p>
        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
      </p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
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