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  24. </div>
  25. <div class="section">
  26. <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
  27. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics"></a><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html" title="Bivariate Statistics">Bivariate Statistics</a>
  28. </h2></div></div></div>
  29. <h4>
  30. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.h0"></a>
  31. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.synopsis"></a></span><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html#math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.synopsis">Synopsis</a>
  32. </h4>
  33. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">statistics</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">bivariate_statistics</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
  34. <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">statistics</span> <span class="special">{</span>
  35. <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
  36. <span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">covariance</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  37. <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
  38. <span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">means_and_covariance</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  39. <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
  40. <span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="identifier">correlation_coefficient</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Container</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  41. <span class="special">}}}</span>
  42. </pre>
  43. <h4>
  44. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.h1"></a>
  45. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html#math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.description">Description</a>
  46. </h4>
  47. <p>
  48. This file provides functions for computing bivariate statistics.
  49. </p>
  50. <h4>
  51. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.h2"></a>
  52. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.covariance"></a></span><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html#math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.covariance">Covariance</a>
  53. </h4>
  54. <p>
  55. Computes the population covariance of two datasets:
  56. </p>
  57. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  58. <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  59. <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">cov_uv</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">statistics</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">covariance</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  60. </pre>
  61. <p>
  62. The implementation follows <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/CLUSTR.2009.5289161" target="_top">Bennet
  63. et al</a>. The data is not modified. Requires a random-access container.
  64. Works with real-valued inputs and does not work with complex-valued inputs.
  65. </p>
  66. <p>
  67. The algorithm used herein simultaneously generates the mean values of the input
  68. data <span class="emphasis"><em>u</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>v</em></span>. For certain applications,
  69. it might be useful to get them in a single pass through the data. As such,
  70. we provide <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">means_and_covariance</span></code>:
  71. </p>
  72. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  73. <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  74. <span class="keyword">auto</span> <span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">mu_u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">mu_v</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">cov_uv</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">statistics</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">means_and_covariance</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  75. </pre>
  76. <h4>
  77. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.h3"></a>
  78. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.correlation_coefficient"></a></span><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html#math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.correlation_coefficient">Correlation
  79. Coefficient</a>
  80. </h4>
  81. <p>
  82. Computes the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficient" target="_top">Pearson
  83. correlation coefficient</a> of two datasets <span class="emphasis"><em>u</em></span> and
  84. <span class="emphasis"><em>v</em></span>:
  85. </p>
  86. <pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  87. <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">{</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">};</span>
  88. <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">rho_uv</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">statistics</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">correlation_coefficient</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
  89. <span class="comment">// rho_uv = 1.</span>
  90. </pre>
  91. <p>
  92. The data must be random access and cannot be complex.
  93. </p>
  94. <p>
  95. If one or both of the datasets is constant, the correlation coefficient is
  96. an indeterminant form (0/0) and definitions must be introduced to assign it
  97. a value. We use the following: If both datasets are constant, then the correlation
  98. coefficient is 1. If one dataset is constant, and the other is not, then the
  99. correlation coefficient is zero.
  100. </p>
  101. <h4>
  102. <a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.h4"></a>
  103. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.references"></a></span><a class="link" href="bivariate_statistics.html#math_toolkit.bivariate_statistics.references">References</a>
  104. </h4>
  105. <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
  106. Bennett, Janine, et al. <span class="emphasis"><em>Numerically stable, single-pass, parallel
  107. statistics algorithms.</em></span> Cluster Computing and Workshops, 2009.
  108. CLUSTER'09. IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
  109. </li></ul></div>
  110. </div>
  111. <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
  112. <td align="left"></td>
  113. <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2006-2019 Nikhar
  114. Agrawal, Anton Bikineev, Paul A. Bristow, Marco Guazzone, Christopher Kormanyos,
  115. Hubert Holin, Bruno Lalande, John Maddock, Jeremy Murphy, Matthew Pulver, Johan
  116. R&#229;de, Gautam Sewani, Benjamin Sobotta, Nicholas Thompson, Thijs van den Berg,
  117. Daryle Walker and Xiaogang Zhang<p>
  118. Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
  119. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
  120. </p>
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