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  4. <title>About the Math Toolkit</title>
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  25. <div class="section">
  26. <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
  27. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro"></a><a class="link" href="main_intro.html" title="About the Math Toolkit">About the Math Toolkit</a>
  28. </h2></div></div></div>
  29. <p>
  30. This library is divided into several interconnected parts:
  31. </p>
  32. <h5>
  33. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h0"></a>
  34. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.floating_point_utilities"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.floating_point_utilities">Floating
  35. Point Utilities</a>
  36. </h5>
  37. <p>
  38. Utility functions for dealing with floating-point arithmetic, includes functions
  39. for floating point classification (<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fpclassify</span></code>,
  40. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">isnan</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">isinf</span></code>
  41. etc), sign manipulation, rounding, comparison, and computing the distance between
  42. floating point numbers.
  43. </p>
  44. <h5>
  45. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h1"></a>
  46. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.specific_width_floating_point_ty"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.specific_width_floating_point_ty">Specific
  47. Width Floating-Point Types</a>
  48. </h5>
  49. <p>
  50. A set of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">typedef</span></code>s similar to those
  51. provided by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">cstdint</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> but for floating-point types.
  52. </p>
  53. <h5>
  54. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h2"></a>
  55. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.mathematical_constants"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.mathematical_constants">Mathematical
  56. Constants</a>
  57. </h5>
  58. <p>
  59. A wide range of high-precision constants ranging from various multiples of
  60. &#960;, fractions, through to Euler's constant etc.
  61. </p>
  62. <p>
  63. These are of course usable from template code, or as non-templates with a simplified
  64. interface if that is more appropriate.
  65. </p>
  66. <h5>
  67. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h3"></a>
  68. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.statistical_distributions"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.statistical_distributions">Statistical
  69. Distributions</a>
  70. </h5>
  71. <p>
  72. Provides a reasonably comprehensive set of <a class="link" href="../dist.html" title="Chapter&#160;5.&#160;Statistical Distributions and Functions">statistical
  73. distributions</a>, upon which higher level statistical tests can be built.
  74. </p>
  75. <p>
  76. The initial focus is on the central <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univariate" target="_top">univariate
  77. </a> <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/StatisticalDistribution.html" target="_top">distributions</a>.
  78. Both <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ContinuousDistribution.html" target="_top">continuous</a>
  79. (like <a class="link" href="dist_ref/dists/normal_dist.html" title="Normal (Gaussian) Distribution">normal</a>
  80. &amp; <a class="link" href="dist_ref/dists/f_dist.html" title="F Distribution">Fisher</a>) and
  81. <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DiscreteDistribution.html" target="_top">discrete</a>
  82. (like <a class="link" href="dist_ref/dists/binomial_dist.html" title="Binomial Distribution">binomial</a>
  83. &amp; <a class="link" href="dist_ref/dists/poisson_dist.html" title="Poisson Distribution">Poisson</a>)
  84. distributions are provided.
  85. </p>
  86. <p>
  87. A <a class="link" href="stat_tut.html" title="Statistical Distributions Tutorial">comprehensive tutorial is provided</a>,
  88. along with a series of <a class="link" href="stat_tut/weg.html" title="Worked Examples">worked examples</a>
  89. illustrating how the library is used to conduct statistical tests.
  90. </p>
  91. <h5>
  92. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h4"></a>
  93. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.mathematical_special_functions"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.mathematical_special_functions">Mathematical
  94. Special Functions</a>
  95. </h5>
  96. <p>
  97. Provides a small number of high quality <a class="link" href="../special.html" title="Chapter&#160;8.&#160;Special Functions">special functions</a>,
  98. initially these were concentrated on functions used in statistical applications
  99. along with those in the <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1836.pdf" target="_top">Technical
  100. Report on C++ Library Extensions</a>.
  101. </p>
  102. <p>
  103. The function families currently implemented are the gamma, beta &amp; erf functions
  104. along with the incomplete gamma and beta functions (four variants of each)
  105. and all the possible inverses of these, plus digamma, various factorial functions,
  106. Bessel functions, elliptic integrals, sinus cardinals (along with their hyperbolic
  107. variants), inverse hyperbolic functions, Legrendre/Laguerre/Hermite polynomials
  108. and various special power and logarithmic functions.
  109. </p>
  110. <p>
  111. All the implementations are fully generic and support the use of arbitrary
  112. "real-number" types, including <a href="../../../../../libs/multiprecision/doc/html/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Multiprecision</a>,
  113. although they are optimised for use with types with known-about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significand" target="_top">significand
  114. (or mantissa)</a> sizes: typically <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">float</span></code>,
  115. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">double</span></code> or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">long</span>
  116. <span class="keyword">double</span></code>.
  117. </p>
  118. <p>
  119. These functions also provide the basis of support for the TR1 special functions.
  120. </p>
  121. <h5>
  122. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h5"></a>
  123. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.root_finding_and_function_minimi"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.root_finding_and_function_minimi">Root Finding
  124. and Function Minimisation</a>
  125. </h5>
  126. <p>
  127. A comprehensive set of root finding algorithms over the real-line, both with
  128. and without derivative support.
  129. </p>
  130. <p>
  131. Also function minimisation via Brent's Method.
  132. </p>
  133. <h5>
  134. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h6"></a>
  135. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.polynomials_and_rational_functio"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.polynomials_and_rational_functio">Polynomials
  136. and Rational Functions</a>
  137. </h5>
  138. <p>
  139. Tools for manipulating polynomials and for efficient evaluation of rationals
  140. or polynomials.
  141. </p>
  142. <h5>
  143. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h7"></a>
  144. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.interpolation"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.interpolation">Interpolation</a>
  145. </h5>
  146. <p>
  147. Function interpolation via Barycentric or cubic B_spline approximations. Smoothing.
  148. </p>
  149. <h5>
  150. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h8"></a>
  151. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.numerical_integration_quadrature"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.numerical_integration_quadrature">Numerical
  152. Integration (Quadrature) and Differentiation</a>
  153. </h5>
  154. <p>
  155. A reasonably comprehensive set of routines for integration (trapezoidal, Gauss-Legendre,
  156. Gauss-Kronrod and double-exponential) and differentiation. (See also automatic
  157. differentiation).
  158. </p>
  159. <p>
  160. The integration routines are all usable for functions returning complex results
  161. - and as a result for contour integrals as well.
  162. </p>
  163. <h5>
  164. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h9"></a>
  165. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.quaternions_and_octonions"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.quaternions_and_octonions">Quaternions
  166. and Octonions</a>
  167. </h5>
  168. <p>
  169. Quaternions and Octonians as class templates similar to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">complex</span></code>.
  170. </p>
  171. <h5>
  172. <a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.h10"></a>
  173. <span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.main_intro.automatic_differentiation"></a></span><a class="link" href="main_intro.html#math_toolkit.main_intro.automatic_differentiation">Automatic
  174. Differentiation</a>
  175. </h5>
  176. <p>
  177. Autodiff is a header-only C++ library that facilitates the automaticdifferentiation
  178. (forward mode) of mathematical functions of single and multiple variables.
  179. </p>
  180. </div>
  181. <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
  182. <td align="left"></td>
  183. <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2006-2019 Nikhar
  184. Agrawal, Anton Bikineev, Paul A. Bristow, Marco Guazzone, Christopher Kormanyos,
  185. Hubert Holin, Bruno Lalande, John Maddock, Jeremy Murphy, Matthew Pulver, Johan
  186. R&#229;de, Gautam Sewani, Benjamin Sobotta, Nicholas Thompson, Thijs van den Berg,
  187. Daryle Walker and Xiaogang Zhang<p>
  188. Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
  189. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
  190. </p>
  191. </div></td>
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